This book provides a thorough revision of the image of the public church under the Dutch Republic after the Peace of Westphalia and before the onset of the ‘high Enlightenment’. Traditional church history considers the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries a period of decline. Yet this was the high tide of Dutch expansion when Dutch society was extremely rich. In its five universities and its highly literate population internationally acknowledged scholarship, arts and sciences flowered. Did really nothing of all this vitality rub off on the public religion? Rather than the traditional static image of a rather joyless and ossified orthodoxy, an exploration of the interface between the Reformed church and Dutch society at large reveals a religious culture that had much to offer to various audiences, in the sphere of knowledge production as well as in the form of spiritual solace and everything in between. Introduction Chapter 1. Setting the scene Chapter 2. Controversies Chapter 3. Rethinking the Reformation Chapter 4. Church, State and society Chapter 5. Ministers Chapter 6. Laity Chapter 7. Minor clergy Chapter 8. Comparative religion Chapter 9. Theology Epilogue Bibliography